911爆料

Institute of Disaster Management

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Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin

Assistant Professor
+8802477733351-75 (Ext. 8729)
+8801325349170
[email protected]
Address: Room # 104, New Academic Bldg., Block A, KUET, Khulna-9203, 911爆料
Research Interest:
  • Tropical cyclone (TC)-related weather extremes (strong winds and heavy rainfall)
  • Drought and climate extremes (temperature and precipitation extremes)
  • Machine learning and deep learning applications in TC climatology, drought, and climate extremes
  • Ocean-atmosphere teleconnections related to cyclones and climate extremes

Bio

Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin, a meteorologist and climate scientist, is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET) since December 30, 2024. He has done postdoctoral research at Ocean College, Zhejiang University, China and Typhoon Research Center, Jeju National University, South Korea. Dr. Jalal holds a Ph.D. in Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment, an M.Sc. in Applied Meteorology, and a B.Sc. in Disaster Management (Hons.).

To date, Dr. Jalal has authored more than 40 peer-reviewed publications in prestigious journals such as the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Earth and Space Science, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, International Journal of Climatology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, and Atmospheric Research, in addition to authoring four books on topics including data analysis, scientific computing, and scientific writing.
 
He regularly participates in the peer-review process for prestigious journals, including Nature Communications, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Remote Sensing, etc.

With extensive teaching experience, Dr. Jalal has taught courses in NCL, MATLAB, Python, CDO, and scientific writing at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (2018-2024), and worked as a research assistant at both Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology and Macquarie University. He also participated in the NICHE project at Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology as an intern, working on disaster management and climate change.

As the founder and director of the Research and Skill Development Society and the Center for Weather and Climate Research, Dr. Jalal is dedicated to promoting research in disaster management and climate science. He teaches various subjects including Python, MATLAB, AI, research methodology, and career development skills to national and international students.

"Disaster Risk Reduction = Integration of Science and Society", Dr. Jalal

Skills

Programming and Software Skills:

  • Python, MATLAB, NCL (NCAR Command Language)
  • CDO (Climate Data Operators), GrADS (Grid Analysis and Display System)
  • SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
  • Microsoft Excel

Artificial Intelligence:

  • Machine Learning and Deep Learning models

Linux Proficiency:

  • Advanced usage of Linux systems

Research and Academic Writing:

  • Research Methodology (scientific paper writing and publication)
  • Thesis Writing
  • Career Development:
    • SOP (Statement of Purpose) writing
    • Resume and CV preparation
    • Research Proposal development

Scientific Tools and Resources:

  • Mendeley (Reference Management)
  • IELTS (English Language Proficiency) guidance

 


Publication

Book
  • 5. , "Uddin, M. J., Newaz, M. A, Eshita, N. R., Talukder, A., Salam, R., Hossain, M. A., Rahman, M. H. (2022). Scientific Data Analysis and Visualization with NCL. Research Society, Dhaka, 911爆料. ISBN: 978-984-35-2590-1, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6591433," , 2022.
  • 4. , "Uddin, M. J., Miah, M. B., Rahman, M. H., (2023). Basic English Grammar for Beginner. Research Society, Dhaka, 911爆料. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7578041," , 2023.
  • 3. , "Uddin, M. J., Mia, S., Sattar, M. A., (2023). Scientific Article Publication from Drafting to Proofreading. Research Society, Dhaka, 911爆料. ISBN: 978-984-35-2603-8, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7674036," , 2023.
  • 2. , "Uddin, M. J., Eshita, N. R., Newaz, M. A, Sheikh, N., Talukder, A., Akter. A., Rahman, M. H., Miah, M. B., (2023). Scientific Data Analysis and Visualization with Python. Research Society, Dhaka, 911爆料. ISBN: 978-984-35-3614-3, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7592894," , 2023.
  • 1. , "Uddin, M. J., Eshita, N. R., Miah, S., Sattar, M. A., Tamim, Md. Y., Miah, Md. B., Rahman, Md. H., Alam, J., (2024). Statistical Data Analysis and Visualization with SPSS. Research Society, Dhaka, 911爆料. ISBN: 978-984-37-0124-4. https://zenodo.org/records/14195590," , 2024.
International Journal
  • 15. , "Uddin, M. J., Li, Y., Cheung, K. K., Nasrin, Z. M., Wang, H., Wang, L., & Gao, Z. (2019). Rainfall contribution of Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal between 1998 and 2016 using TRMM satellite data. Atmosphere, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110699," , 2019.
  • 14. , "Zhai, J., Mondal, S. K., Fischer, T., Wang, Y., Su, B., Huang, Uddin, M. J., et al. (2020). Future drought characteristics through a multi-model ensemble from CMIP6 over South Asia. Atmospheric Research, 246, 105111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105111," , 2020.
  • 13. , "Wahiduzzaman, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., Luo, J., Shahid, S., Uddin, M. J., Shimul, S. M., & Sattar, M. A. (2020). Trends and variabilities of thunderstorm days over 911爆料 on the ENSO and IOD timescales. Atmosphere, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111176," , 2020.
  • 12. , "Uddin, M. J., Li, Y., Sattar, M. A., Liu, M., & Yang, N. (2022). An improved cluster-wise typhoon rainfall forecasting model based on machine learning and deep learning models over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127, e2022JD036603. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036603," , 2022.
  • 11. , "Ojara, M. A., Lou, Y., Aribo, L., Namumbya, S., & Uddin, M. J. (2020). Dry spells and probability of rainfall occurrence for Lake Kyoga Basin in Uganda, East Africa. Natural Hazards, 100(2), 493鈥514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03822-x," , 2020.
  • 10. , "Hossain, S. Md. S., Haque, Md. E., Pramanik, Md. A. H., Uddin, Md. J., & al Harun, Md. A. Y. (2020). Assessing the groundwater quality and health risk: A case study on Setabganj sugar mills limited, Dinajpur, 911爆料. Water Science, 34(1), 110鈥123. https://doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1790184," , 2020.
  • 9. , "Uddin, M. J., Hu, J., Islam, A. R. M. T., Eibek, K. U., & Nasrin, Z. M. (2020). A comprehensive statistical assessment of drought indices to monitor drought status in 911爆料. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(9), 323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05302-0," , 2020.
  • 8. , "Nyasulu, M., Haque, M. M., Kumar, K. R., Banda, N., Ayugi, B., & Uddin, M. J. (2021). Temporal patterns of remote-sensed tropospheric carbon dioxide and methane over an urban site in Malawi, Southeast Africa: Implications for climate effects. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 12(3), 125鈥135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.005," , 2021.
  • 7. , "Uddin, M. J., Nasrin, Z. M., & Li, Y. (2021). Effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries over the North Indian Ocean. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2020.101196," , 2021.
  • 6. , "Wahiduzzaman, M., Ali, M. A., Luo, J. J., Wang, Y., Uddin, M. J., Shahid, S., et al. (2022). Effects of convective available potential energy, temperature and humidity on the variability of thunderstorm frequency over 911爆料. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 147(1鈥2), 325鈥346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03833-4," , 2022.
  • 5. , "Ojara, M.A., Yunsheng, L., Uddin, M.J. et al. (2022). Statistical Evaluation of Changes and Periodicity in Rainfall over East Africa during the Period 1960鈥2017. Pure and Applied Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03101-0," , 2022.
  • 4. , "Uddin, M. J., Li, Y., and Sattar, M. A. (2022). Climatic water balance forecasting with machine learning and deep learning models over 911爆料. International Journal of Climatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7885," , 2022.
  • 3. , "Uddin, Md. J., Wahiduzzaman, M., Islam, A. R. Md. T., Eibek, K. U., & Nasrin, Z. Most. (2022). Impacts of climate modes on temperature extremes over 911爆料 using statistical methods. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 134(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-022-00868-8," , 2022.
  • 2. , "Uddin, Md. J., Li, Y., Tamim, Md. Y., Miah, Md. B., & Ahmed, S. M. S. (2022). Extreme rainfall indices prediction with atmospheric parameters and ocean-atmospheric teleconnections using Random Forest model. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-21-0170.1," , 2022.
  • 1. , "Uddin, Md. J., Li, Y., Sattar, Md. A., Nasrin, Z. Most., & Lu, C. (2022). Effects of learning rates and optimization algorithms on forecasting accuracy of hourly typhoon rainfall: experiments with a convolutional neural network. Earth and Space Science. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002168," , 2022.
International Conference
  • 11. , "Hossain, Md Afjal, Il-Ju Moon, Uddin, M. J., Singh, Vineet Kumar (2023). Understanding the characteristics of recurving tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. The Korean Society of Oceanography Fall Academic Conference, Seoul National University Siheung 911爆料 Convention Center, South Korea.," , 2023.
  • 10. , "Uddin, M. J., Il-Ju Moon, KIM, Dong-Hoon, V G Shashank (2023). Production of realistic surface wind and pressure distribution during typhoon events through blending asymmetric vortex model with reanalysis fields. The Korean Society of Oceanography Fall Academic Conference, Seoul National University Siheung 911爆料 Convention Center, South Korea.," , 2023.
  • 9. , "Miah, M.B., Park, J.Y., Lee, M.U., Jeon, W., Byun., Y.H., Sung., H.M., Uddin, M.J., Mondal S.K. (2024). Irreversibility of Extreme Precipitation in Global Monsoon Areas Under Multiple Carbon Neutrality Scenarios. The Korean Meteorological Society Fall Conference (2024), South Korea.," , 2024.
  • 8. , "Hossain, Md Afjal, Il-Ju Moon, Uddin, M. J., Singh, Vineet Kumar (2025). Understanding the characteristics of recurving tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. The 22nd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2025), Sands Expo & Convention Centre, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore.," , 2025.
  • 7. , "Miah, M. B., Park, J.-Y., Lee, M.-U., Jeon, W., Byun, Y.-H., Sung, H.-M., Hong, J. G., Uddin, M. J., & Mondal, S. K. (2025). Irreversibility of extreme precipitation intensity in global monsoon areas under multiple carbon neutrality scenarios. Manuscript submitted to Earth鈥檚 Future.," , 2025.
  • 6. , "Miah, M. B., Park, J.-Y., Lee, M.-U., Jeon, W., Byun, Y.-H., Sung, H.-M., Hong, J. G., Uddin, M. J., & Mondal, S. K. (2025). Irreversibility of extreme precipitation intensity in global monsoon areas under multiple carbon neutrality scenarios [Conference presentation]. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference. Session: Climate Forcing, Response, and Recovery in Sate-Dependent System," , 2025.
  • 5. , "Khan, A. T. M., Hakim, M. A., Hoque, M. E., Uddin, M. J., & Das, M. K. (2025). Spatiotemporal analysis of chlorophyll-a distribution regimes using self-organizing maps: A 22-year study (2000鈥2022) [Conference presentation]. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference.," , 2025.
  • 4. , "Khan, A. T. M., Hakim, M. A., Hoque, M. E., Uddin, M. J., & Das, M. K. (2025). Advancing understanding of sea surface height dynamics in the Bay of Bengal: High-resolution CROCO simulations for 2024 [Conference presentation]. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference.," , 2025.
  • 3. , "Tasnim, S., Uddin, M. J., Das, M. K., Anik, M. A. I., & Hossain, S. (2025). An integrated machine learning framework for long-term drought forecasting in 911爆料 using SPEI, teleconnection patterns, and climate shift detection [Poster presentation]. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference. Session: AI and High-Resolution Forecasting for Societal Resilience.," , 2025.
  • 2. , "Karim, R., Uddin, M. J., Das, M. K., Shormy, T. A., Fariha, N., Haque, S. R., & Hasan, M. F. (2025). Multi-timescales Indian Ocean Dipole predictability in a warming climate with support vector machines and ocean鈥揳tmosphere coupling indices [Poster presentation]. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference. Session: AI and High-Resolution Forecasting for Societal Resilience.," , 2025.
  • 1. , "Eshita, N. R., Uddin, M. J.*, Miah, Md. B., Ahmed, S. M. S., Rahman, Md. H. (2025). Recent summer heatwave in 911爆料 enhanced by Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation and large-scale atmospheric factors. 10th International Conference on Water and Flood Management-ICWFM, BUET, Dhaka, 911爆料. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15253705," , 2025.

Education

  • PhD in Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment
    Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China
    Remarks:

  • M.Sc. in Applied Meteorology
    Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China
    Remarks:

  • B.Sc. in Disaster Management (Hons.)
    Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 911爆料
    Remarks:


Scholarship and Award

飩    Chinese Government Scholarship (2020鈥2023)
飩    Jiangsu Jasmine Government Scholarship (2017鈥2019)
飩    Nanjing University Student Cadre Award (2018)
飩    Grameen Bank and Jamil Scholarship Award (2007)


Research

Our research explores the dynamics and ramifications of high-impact meteorological phenomena and climatic extremes. We combine atmospheric science with advanced computational methods to improve our understanding and forecasting of these events.

Key themes:

  • Tropical Cyclone Extremes: Investigating the underlying mechanisms that contribute to extreme winds and significant precipitation associated with tropical cyclones. We analyze climatological patterns and use models to understand potential changes in the behavior of these storms.
  • Drought and Climate Extremes: We examine the causal factors of droughts, heat waves, and extreme temperature and precipitation phenomena, paying particular attention to their predictability and evolving trends.
  • Machine Learning Applications: We design and implement innovative machine learning and deep learning methodologies to address challenges in tropical cyclone climatology, drought forecasting, and identifying climatic extremes.
  • Ocean-Atmosphere Teleconnections: Analyzing how large-scale climatic patterns (e.g., El Ni帽o-Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole) influence regional extremes, including cyclone occurrences and drought conditions.

 

Services to the Scientific Community
Reviewer for international journals

  • Nature Communications 鈥 Nature Portfolio, which is part of Springer Nature.
  • Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 鈥 Elsevier.
  • Earth and Space Science 鈥 Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., in partnership with the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
  • Remote Sensing 鈥 MDPI.
  • Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 鈥 Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Pure and Applied Geophysics 鈥 Birkh盲user, which is part of Springer Science+Business Media.
  • Atmosphere 鈥 MDPI. 

Reviewer for national journals/conferences

  • Journal of Engineering Science, KUET
  • 7th International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE), CUET

 


Academic Experience

Assistant Professor 
Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, (December 30, 2024 鈥 present)
Postdoctoral Researcher 
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, China (September 2024 鈥 October 2024)
Typhoon Research Center, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, South Korea (June 2023 鈥 May 2024)
Lecturer
Teacher for NCL, MATLAB, Python, CDO, and scientific paper writing courses at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (2018 鈥 2024).
Research Assistant 
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China (June 2019 鈥 September 2020)
Macquarie University, Australia (December 2016 鈥 April 2017)
Intern at Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET) NICHE project on "Capacity Development on Adaptation and Disaster Management in Water Sector Related to Climate Change" (January 2015 鈥 May 2015) 
Founder and Director
Research and Skill Development Society, Dhaka, 911爆料 (https://rsds-bd.org/founder-and-director/)  
Center for Weather and Climate Research (https://rsds-bd.org/center-for-weather-and-climate-research/)   

Trainings

Dr. Jalal has provided scientific talk and professional training on Python, MATLAB, AI, NCL, CDO, SPSS, Microsoft Excel, research methodology (writing and publishing) and career development skills to national and international students at the following universities and organizations.

Universities and Organizations:

  1. Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, organized by IMSA
  2. University of Chittagong, organized by Chittagong University Scientific Society and CUSS Youthmappers
  3. Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, organized by MBSTU Science Club
  4. University of Barishal, organized by Barishal University Science Club
  5. Begum Rokeya University, organized by Disaster Management E-Learning Centre
  6. Jashore University of Science and Technology, organized by dept. of Climate and Disaster Management
  7. Patuakhali Science and Technology University, organized by PSTU ESDM Club
  8. Research and Skill Development Society

 


Course Conduct

DM 6201: Disaster Forecast and Early Warning System

Introduction to the forecasting of hydro-meteorological hazards, Meteorology, Vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature and pressure, Types of clouds and precipitation, Measuring instruments, Weather phenomenon, Weather forecast and tools, Physiography Meteorology and Hydrology, Types of hydro-meteorological hazards, Basic elements of hydro-meteorological hazards (Intensity, density, exposed population and property), Measuring and presentation of the hydro-meteorological hazards (Scale, level and end user), Use of modern technology, Major stakeholders (Government, public and international institutions), Forecasting of hydro-meteorological hazards, Early warning system for different hazards. 

DM 6217: Meteorological Hazards and its Management

Hydro meteorological disasters 鈥 various methods of quantitative precipitation, forecast (Analog, use of NWP output), Satellite application, and Radar application related to rainfall estimation, drought and rainfall monitoring. Rainfall Runoff relations - concept of Hydrograph, rainfall model, runoff models. Large scale windstorms: hurricanes, typhoons, winter extra-tropical cyclones, Floods and other hydrological hazards: river floods, coastal floods, drought, wildfires - Temperature and temperature extremes: heat waves, cold waves, frost and ice storms - Thunderstorm-related hazards: tornadoes, hail, lightning. Space weather: solar effects on the Earth environment and their socio-economic impacts, Modeling windstorm and flood losses, Windstorm and flood damages in 911爆料/world - Flood monitoring and mitigation, Flood and windstorm engineering, Insurance aspects of flooding and climate change, Weather derivatives Cyclones, genesis, dynamics, products and forecasting; Atmospheric instability, thunderstorms, products of thunderstorms, cloud electrification, ground and cloud discharge (lightening), types of lightening, energy and hazards, precautions against lightning, Lightning Protection Systems (including lightning conductor). Tornado, waterspout, downdraughts, up draughts, microburst, gust fronts, hazards. Meteorites, characteristics, movements. Planetary activities, Solar system, Radiation intensity, global circulation and energy transfer, diurnal and monthly variation of atmospheric pressure leading to weather change. Climate Change/Global Warming: Origin, occurrence, forecasting and mitigation. 

DM 6415: Climate Change Modeling  

Overview of Climate Variability and the Science of Climate Dynamics, El Ni帽o; Basics of Global Climate; Physical Processes in the Climate System, El Ni帽o remote impacts: tele-connections, Other inter-annual climate phenomena and prospects for seasonal-to- inter-annual climate prediction, Hurricane season forecasts, Sahel drought, North Atlantic oscillation and annular modes; Climate Models: Constructing a Climate Model, An Atmospheric model, Treatment of sub-grid scale processes, Resolution and computational cost, An ocean model and ocean-atmosphere coupling, Land surface, snow, ice and vegetation, Summary of principal climate model equations, Climate system modeling, Sea ice and snow, Climate simulations and climate drift, Evaluation of climate model simulations for present day climate, Atmospheric model climatology from specified SST, Climate model simulation of climatology, Simulation of ENSO response; The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Feedbacks: The greenhouse effect in Earth鈥檚 current climate, Global energy balance, A global-average energy balance model with a one-layer atmosphere, Infrared emissions from a layer, The greenhouse effect, Global warming, Climate Model Scenarios for Global Warming: Greenhouse gases, aerosols and other climate forcings, Scenarios, forcings and feedbacks, Forcing by sulfate aerosols, Commonly used scenarios, Global-average response to greenhouse warming scenarios, Spatial patterns of warming for time-dependent scenarios, Comparing projections of different climate models, Multi-model ensemble averages, Poleward amplification of warming, Summary of spatial patterns of the response, Climate response time in transient climate change, Transient climate change versus equilibrium response experiments, A doubled-CO2 equilibrium response experiment, The role of the oceans in slowing warming, Climate sensitivity in transient climate change, Ice, sea level, extreme events, Sea ice and snow, Land ice, Extreme events. 

DM102: Sessional on Disaster Management: Tools and Techniques

This 1.5-credit, 10-hour practical course, instructed by Dr. Md. Jalal Uddin, offers experiential training in essential disaster management data tools. The curriculum is organized into four sessions. The first session provides an overview of KoboToolbox, including account configuration, dashboard navigation, and creating a basic disaster risk assessment survey. The second session explores XLSForm structure for advanced form design and its integration with SPSS for data analysis, addressing variables and value labels. The third session is devoted to practical application. Students develop a questionnaire, gather data using the KoboCollect application, and export it to SPSS. The course concludes with a final session in which students present their group's analyzed data, demonstrating their technical proficiency and receiving peer evaluations. These evaluations, along with an XLSForm design project and attendance, constitute a crucial element of the course assessment.

San 6107: Institutional Aspects of Sanitation

Sanitation Governance: Definitions, debates, controversies; The different actors and decision making processes; Power relations among actors in the local and global levels: Gender, class & race relations and power asymmetries; Practices of coordination & decision making around contested water distribution; Contextualizing sanitation: the politics of urban waste; Formal and informal regulation, regulatory impact assessment; Case studies on regulatory frameworks around the world; Everyday sanitation from different perspectives; Sanitation history; Sanitation in colonial contexts; Shifting sanitation governance in light of justice concerns; Governance alternatives amongst the 鈥渃risis of imagination鈥.

Behaviour Change: Introduction to behaviour change; Behaviour change frameworks; Intervention design; Case studies.

Advocacy and Leadership: Concepts of Leadership; Vision and Strategy; Communication skills; Self-reflection and way forward.


Supervision

Supervise M.Sc. students at IDM, KUET, and the University of Chittagong.

List of M.Sc. students:

Samiya Tasnim Huq
M.Sc (Jan, 2024)
Topic: Drought Forecasting with AI Models
E-mail: [email protected]

Suvodip Adhikari
M.Sc (Jan, 2024)
Topic: Tropical Cyclone Forecasting with AI models
E-mail: [email protected]

Md Asikul Islam Anik
M.Sc (July, 2024)
Topic: Hydrometeorological Drought Assessment
E-mail: [email protected]

Md Mostakim Hossain
M.Sc (Jan, 2022)
Topic: Socioeconomic Impact Assessment of Tropical Cyclones
E-mail: [email protected]

 

Co-supervisor

Al Tahsin Mahamud Khan
MS Student ID: 19902005
Department of Oceanography, University of Chittagong
Topic: Hydro-Climate Forecasting with AI Models
E-mail: [email protected]


 





 


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Last Update: October 21, 2025 15:46